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Evaluating levels and health risk of heavy metals in exposed workers from surgical instrument manufacturing industries of Sialkot, Pakistan
Junaid, Muhammad1,2,3; Hashmi, Muhammad Zaffar4; Malik, Riffat Naseem1
2016-09-01
摘要The study aimed to monitor heavy metal (chromium, Cr; cadmium, Cd; nickel, Ni; copper, Cu; lead, Pb; iron, Fe; manganese, Mn; and zinc, Zn) footprints in biological matrices (urine, whole blood, saliva, and hair), as well as in indoor industrial dust samples, and their toxic effects on oxidative stress and health risks in exposed workers. Overall, blood, urine, and saliva samples exhibited significantly higher concentrations of toxic metals in exposed workers (Cr; blood 16.30 mu g/L, urine 58.15 mu g/L, saliva 5.28 mu g/L) than the control samples (Cr; blood 5.48 mu g/L, urine 4.47 mu g/L, saliva 2.46 mu g/L). Indoor industrial dust samples also reported to have elevated heavy metal concentrations, as an example, Cr quantified with concentration of 299 mg/kg of dust, i.e., more than twice the level of Cr in household dust (136 mg/kg). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) level presented significant positive correlation (p <= 0.01) with Cr, Zn, and Cd (Cr > Zn > Cd) which is an indication of heavy metal's associated raised oxidative stress in exposed workers. Elevated average daily intake (ADI) of heavy metals resulted in cumulative hazard quotient (HQ) range of 2.97-18.88 in workers of different surgical units; this is an alarming situation of health risk implications. Principal component analysis-multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR)-based pie charts represent that polishing and cutting sections exhibited highest metal inputs to the biological and environmental matrices than other sources. Heavy metal concentrations in biological matrices and dust samples showed a significant positive correlation between Cr in dust, urine, and saliva samples. Current study will help to generate comprehensive base line data of heavy metal status in biomatrices and dust from scientifically ignored industrial sector. Our findings can play vital role for health departments and industrial environmental management system (EMS) authorities in policy making and implementation.
关键词Heavy metals Surgical industry Biological monitoring Health risk assessment Oxidative stress Dust
DOI10.1007/s11356-016-6849-0
发表期刊ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
ISSN0944-1344
卷号23期号:18页码:18010-18026
通讯作者Malik, RN (reprint author), Quaid I Azam Univ, Fac Biol Sci, Dept Environm Sci, Environm Biol & Ecotoxicol Lab, Islamabad, Pakistan.
收录类别SCI
WOS记录号WOS:000384435800012
语种英语